Documentation

Getting started

Kovanica is a clean, from-scratch Rust Layer-1 blockchain powered by hybrid PoW + GHOSTDAG consensus (4s target block interval, GHOSTDAG k=5) and deterministic Wasmi execution. The native currency is KVNC (9 decimals). Testnet is live; mainnet is planned.

1. Get testnet KVNC from the faucet (10 KVNC per request).
2. Create or import a wallet on testnet.kovanica.online/wallet.
3. Send your first transaction — the browser signs canonical BLAKE3 sighashes (KUNA-TX-v1 compatibility domain) with Ed25519 keys; the node never sees your seed phrase.
4. Watch the DAG grow in real-time on the explorer across the block graph.

Wallet

Addresses

Canonical PRO-21 address (64 chars: kvnc + 57 base32 + dag)

Derivation

ADR-0002: 24-word BIP-39 entropy IS Ed25519 seed; no PBKDF2; no HD; one phrase = one address

Account Model

Account-based (sequence nonces)

Signing

Client-side Ed25519 + BLAKE3 — keys never leave the browser

• Native Transfers — instant peer-to-peer KVNC transfers with account sequence nonces.
• HTLC — hashed time-locked contracts for atomic cross-chain swaps (kovanica-htlc).
• Vaults — time-lock vaults, linear vesting schedules, and treasury release (kovanica-vault).
• Multisig — M-of-N threshold multi-signature accounts (kovanica-multisig).
• Tokens — deterministic WASM fungible tokens (kovanica-token).

SDK

kovanica-sdk is the official Rust and WASM SDK for Kovanica. It provides typed domain models, offline transaction builders, and JSON-RPC 2.0 client bindings.

Derivation

ADR-0002: 24-word BIP-39 entropy IS Ed25519 seed (no PBKDF2; no HD; one phrase = one address)

Sighash

BLAKE3 KUNA-TX-v1 sighash byte-identical to kovanica-consensus

Builders

TransferBuilder, HtlcBuilder, VaultBuilder, MultisigSigner

RPC

kovanica_syncStatus · kovanica_getLeaderHeader · kovanica_getBalance · kovanica_sendRawTransaction

Smart Contracts (Wasmi Runtime)

Kovanica executes smart contracts in a sandboxed, deterministic WebAssembly engine (Wasmi). All gas metering and opcode execution are strictly deterministic with zero external side effects. Gas fees are paid exclusively in native KVNC.

Execution Engine

Wasmi (Deterministic WASM runtime)

Gas Metering

Deterministic opcode & memory instruction counting

Standard Contracts

HTLC (Atomic Swaps), Vaults (Vesting), Multisig (M-of-N), Token (CW20-style)

Fee Currency

KVNC (min fee 10,000 atoms = 0.00001 KVNC)

Consensus

Kovanica pairs Proof-of-Work (PoW) block admission with GHOSTDAG graph ordering. Blocks target a 4-second interval and are topologically ordered by GHOSTDAG with parameter k=5 (target block interval is a network pacing parameter, not a finality guarantee). Proof-of-Work uses the KovanicaHash algorithm (BLAKE3 + 2 MiB memory mix; a formal security audit is required prior to mainnet launch). There is no validator staking, bonding, committee rotation, or slashing in consensus.

Consensus

Hybrid PoW + GHOSTDAG (k = 5)

Target Interval

4.0s target block time

GHOSTDAG k

k = 5

PoW Algorithm

KovanicaHash (BLAKE3 + 2 MiB mix, audit required)

Consensus Stake

None (pure PoW + GHOSTDAG)

Execution Engine

Wasmi (Deterministic WASM)

Protocol

Token

KVNC · 9 decimals

Atom

1,000,000,000 atoms / KVNC

Initial Reward

2.5 KVNC / committed block

Min fee

10,000 atoms (0.00001 KVNC)

Consensus

Hybrid PoW + GHOSTDAG (k = 5)

P2P

TCP :8000 · seed1, seed2, seed3

Tokenomics

Kovanica has a locked total supply of 90,200,000 KVNC with geometric subsidy decay every 8,100,000 blocks. Block rewards (initially 2.5 KVNC) are minted to committed block authors.

Hard cap

90,200,000 KVNC

Subsidy budget

81,000,000 KVNC

Initial Reward s₀

2.5 KVNC / block

Founder premine

200,000 KVNC

Treasury

8,000,000 KVNC (1M/yr × 8 yrs linear)

Genesis Allocation

1,000,000 KVNC

Subsidy Era

8,100,000 blocks

Decay Factor

× 3/4 each era

Target Block

4.0s (target interval)

Node operations

1. Testnet RPC is available on port 8545 and proxied via https://rpc-testnet.kovanica.online.
2. Transactions require an Ed25519 signature over the BLAKE3 sighash. All nodes verify 64-byte signatures.
3. P2P nodes listen on TCP 0.0.0.0:8000. Bootstrap seed peers:
   • seed1.kovanica.online:8000
   • seed2.kovanica.online:8000
   • seed3.kovanica.online:8000

Roadmap

Explore planned protocol milestones, Chain 5 hybrid testnet verification, and mainnet deployment readiness.